Read about the water pipes that were in style in former times. Familiarize yourself with common classes of delivery pipes, their inside and outside diameters. Look through the table with adduced standard copper tubing sizes for plumbing.

Tubing Sizes

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Tubing Sizes

Copper Tubing Sizes (CTS) for Plumbing
Nominal Size	Outside Diameter (OD) in inches	Inside Diameter (ID) in inches
Nominal Size	Outside Diameter (OD) in inches	Type K	Type L	Type M
3/8	1/2	0,402	0,43	0,45
1/2	5/8	0,528	0,545	0,569
5/8	3/4	0,652	0,668	0,69
3/4	7/8	0,745	0,785	0,811
1	1-1/8	0,995	1,025	1,055
1-1/4	1-3/8	1,245	1,265	1,291
1-1/2	1-5/8	1,481	1,505	1,527
2	2-1/8	1,959	1,985	2,009
2-1/2	2-5/8	2,435	2,465	2,495
3	3-1/8	2,907	2,945	2,981

Copper pipes are in general soldered peculiarly into copper or brass fittings, although residential plumbers exploit mainly compression or flare fittings. In earlier times, enterprises with copper supply pipes contained the lead (50% tin - 50% lead) used in the soldered joints. Some researches have revealed considerable discharge of the lead into the potable water stream, especially after long periods of low utilization, followed by peak load periods. In hard water applications, soon after installation, the inside of the pipes will be encrusted with the deposited minerals dissolved in the water. As a result exposed lead for the most part would be prevented from entering the drinking water. Lead-free solder for copper and brass is customarily essential in accordance with building code requirements. Throughout the U.S. Building Codes require applying of practically "lead-free" (< 2% lead) solder or filler metals.

PBT - flexible plastic pipe (habitually blue or gray) which is adjoined to barbed fittings and held in position by a copper crimp ring. The major producer of PBT fittings and tubing was forced into insolvency by a class-action court case on account of malfunctions of this system.
PEX - pressed high density polyethylene system with mechanically attached gear with barbs and copper fitting or crimped steel.
Polytanks - plastic water tank, polyethylene cisterns, underground water tanks, above ground water tanks, which are made of linear polyethylene fitting as a potable water storage tank, provided in white, black or green, approved by NSF and made of FDA standard materials.

Plastic is in wide application for domestic water feed, ventilation or waste pipe, polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC). PVC/CPVC introduced around 1970 - rigid plastic pipes resembling PVC drain pipes, although have thicker walls to handle municipal water pressure. CPVC should be used for hot and cold water, whereas PVC should be used only for cold water, or venting. Connections are made with primers and solvent cements; for best combination seek advice from pipe and fitting producer.

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